{
  "format": "trainlog-joint-actions-v1",
  "version": 1,
  "joint_actions": [
    {
      "action_id": "ankle_dorsiflexion",
      "definition": "Bring dorsum of foot toward shin",
      "anatomical_region": "ankle",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_lower"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Dorsiflexion de la cheville",
      "joint_complex": "talocrural_joint",
      "joint_or_complex": "talocrural_joint",
      "principal_plane": "sagittal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "tibialis_anterior"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "ankle_plantarflexion",
      "definition": "Point foot away from shin",
      "anatomical_region": "ankle",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_lower"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Flexion plantaire de la cheville",
      "joint_complex": "talocrural_joint",
      "joint_or_complex": "talocrural_joint",
      "principal_plane": "sagittal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "gastrocnemius",
        "soleus"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "elbow_extension",
      "definition": "Increase elbow angle",
      "anatomical_region": "elbow",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Extension du coude",
      "joint_complex": "humeroulnar_humeroradial_complex",
      "joint_or_complex": "humeroulnar_humeroradial_complex",
      "principal_plane": "sagittal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "triceps_brachii"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "elbow_flexion",
      "definition": "Reduce elbow angle",
      "anatomical_region": "elbow",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Flexion du coude",
      "joint_complex": "humeroulnar_humeroradial_complex",
      "joint_or_complex": "humeroulnar_humeroradial_complex",
      "principal_plane": "sagittal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "biceps_brachii",
        "brachialis",
        "brachioradialis"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "finger_flexion",
      "definition": "Close fingers toward palm",
      "anatomical_region": "finger",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Flexion des doigts",
      "joint_complex": "metacarpophalangeal_and_interphalangeal_joints",
      "joint_or_complex": "metacarpophalangeal_and_interphalangeal_joints",
      "principal_plane": "sagittal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "forearm_flexors"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "forearm_pronation",
      "definition": "Rotate forearm toward palm-back orientation",
      "anatomical_region": "forearm",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Pronation de l’avant-bras",
      "joint_complex": "proximal_and_distal_radioulnar_joints",
      "joint_or_complex": "proximal_and_distal_radioulnar_joints",
      "principal_plane": "transverse",
      "plane_notes": "Axial rotation of forearm; spatial plane depends on forearm position.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "forearm_pronators"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "forearm_supination",
      "definition": "Rotate forearm toward palm-forward orientation",
      "anatomical_region": "forearm",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Supination de l’avant-bras",
      "joint_complex": "proximal_and_distal_radioulnar_joints",
      "joint_or_complex": "proximal_and_distal_radioulnar_joints",
      "principal_plane": "transverse",
      "plane_notes": "Axial rotation of forearm; spatial plane depends on forearm position.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "biceps_brachii",
        "supinator"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "hip_abduction",
      "definition": "Move femur away from midline",
      "anatomical_region": "hip",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "nih_gluteus_minimus",
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_lower"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Abduction de la hanche",
      "joint_complex": "acetabulofemoral_joint",
      "joint_or_complex": "acetabulofemoral_joint",
      "principal_plane": "frontal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "gluteus_medius",
        "gluteus_minimus",
        "tensor_fasciae_latae"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "hip_adduction",
      "definition": "Move femur toward midline",
      "anatomical_region": "hip",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_lower"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Adduction de la hanche",
      "joint_complex": "acetabulofemoral_joint",
      "joint_or_complex": "acetabulofemoral_joint",
      "principal_plane": "frontal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "adductor_magnus",
        "hip_adductors"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "hip_extension",
      "definition": "Move femur posteriorly or rise from flexion",
      "anatomical_region": "hip",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "maeo_2021",
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_lower"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Extension de la hanche",
      "joint_complex": "acetabulofemoral_joint",
      "joint_or_complex": "acetabulofemoral_joint",
      "principal_plane": "sagittal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "adductor_magnus",
        "gluteus_maximus",
        "hamstrings_biarticular"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "hip_external_rotation",
      "definition": "Rotate femur outward",
      "anatomical_region": "hip",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_lower"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Rotation externe de la hanche",
      "joint_complex": "acetabulofemoral_joint",
      "joint_or_complex": "acetabulofemoral_joint",
      "principal_plane": "transverse",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "gluteus_maximus"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "hip_flexion",
      "definition": "Bring femur toward anterior trunk",
      "anatomical_region": "hip",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "nih_gluteus_minimus",
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_lower"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Flexion de la hanche",
      "joint_complex": "acetabulofemoral_joint",
      "joint_or_complex": "acetabulofemoral_joint",
      "principal_plane": "sagittal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "iliopsoas",
        "rectus_femoris",
        "tensor_fasciae_latae"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "hip_internal_rotation",
      "definition": "Rotate femur inward",
      "anatomical_region": "hip",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "nih_gluteus_minimus",
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_lower"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Rotation interne de la hanche",
      "joint_complex": "acetabulofemoral_joint",
      "joint_or_complex": "acetabulofemoral_joint",
      "principal_plane": "transverse",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "gluteus_minimus",
        "tensor_fasciae_latae"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "knee_extension",
      "definition": "Increase knee angle",
      "anatomical_region": "knee",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_lower"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Extension du genou",
      "joint_complex": "tibiofemoral_complex",
      "joint_or_complex": "tibiofemoral_complex",
      "principal_plane": "sagittal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "quadriceps",
        "rectus_femoris",
        "vasti"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "knee_flexion",
      "definition": "Reduce knee angle",
      "anatomical_region": "knee",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "maeo_2021",
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_lower"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Flexion du genou",
      "joint_complex": "tibiofemoral_complex",
      "joint_or_complex": "tibiofemoral_complex",
      "principal_plane": "sagittal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "biceps_femoris_short_head",
        "gastrocnemius",
        "hamstrings",
        "hamstrings_biarticular"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "scapular_depression",
      "definition": "Move scapula inferiorly",
      "anatomical_region": "scapular",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Scapular actions are scapulothoracic descriptions produced through coordinated shoulder-girdle articulations.",
      "display_name_fr": "Abaissement scapulaire",
      "joint_complex": "scapulothoracic_function_via_sternoclavicular_and_acromioclavicular_joints",
      "joint_or_complex": "scapulothoracic_function_via_sternoclavicular_and_acromioclavicular_joints",
      "principal_plane": "three_dimensional_scapular_motion",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "pectoralis_minor",
        "trapezius_lower"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "scapular_downward_rotation",
      "definition": "Rotate glenoid downward on return",
      "anatomical_region": "scapular",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Scapular actions are scapulothoracic descriptions produced through coordinated shoulder-girdle articulations.",
      "display_name_fr": "Rotation scapulaire vers le bas",
      "joint_complex": "scapulothoracic_function_via_sternoclavicular_and_acromioclavicular_joints",
      "joint_or_complex": "scapulothoracic_function_via_sternoclavicular_and_acromioclavicular_joints",
      "principal_plane": "three_dimensional_scapular_motion",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "rhomboids"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "scapular_elevation",
      "definition": "Move scapula superiorly",
      "anatomical_region": "scapular",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Scapular actions are scapulothoracic descriptions produced through coordinated shoulder-girdle articulations.",
      "display_name_fr": "Élévation scapulaire",
      "joint_complex": "scapulothoracic_function_via_sternoclavicular_and_acromioclavicular_joints",
      "joint_or_complex": "scapulothoracic_function_via_sternoclavicular_and_acromioclavicular_joints",
      "principal_plane": "three_dimensional_scapular_motion",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "trapezius_upper"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "scapular_protraction",
      "definition": "Move scapula anterolaterally around thorax",
      "anatomical_region": "scapular",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Scapular actions are scapulothoracic descriptions produced through coordinated shoulder-girdle articulations.",
      "display_name_fr": "Protraction scapulaire",
      "joint_complex": "scapulothoracic_function_via_sternoclavicular_and_acromioclavicular_joints",
      "joint_or_complex": "scapulothoracic_function_via_sternoclavicular_and_acromioclavicular_joints",
      "principal_plane": "three_dimensional_scapular_motion",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "pectoralis_minor",
        "serratus_anterior"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "scapular_retraction",
      "definition": "Move scapula toward vertebral column",
      "anatomical_region": "scapular",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Scapular actions are scapulothoracic descriptions produced through coordinated shoulder-girdle articulations.",
      "display_name_fr": "Rétraction scapulaire",
      "joint_complex": "scapulothoracic_function_via_sternoclavicular_and_acromioclavicular_joints",
      "joint_or_complex": "scapulothoracic_function_via_sternoclavicular_and_acromioclavicular_joints",
      "principal_plane": "three_dimensional_scapular_motion",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "rhomboids",
        "trapezius_middle"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "scapular_upward_rotation",
      "definition": "Rotate glenoid upward during arm elevation",
      "anatomical_region": "scapular",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Scapular actions are scapulothoracic descriptions produced through coordinated shoulder-girdle articulations.",
      "display_name_fr": "Rotation scapulaire vers le haut",
      "joint_complex": "scapulothoracic_function_via_sternoclavicular_and_acromioclavicular_joints",
      "joint_or_complex": "scapulothoracic_function_via_sternoclavicular_and_acromioclavicular_joints",
      "principal_plane": "three_dimensional_scapular_motion",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "serratus_anterior",
        "trapezius_lower",
        "trapezius_upper"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "shoulder_abduction",
      "definition": "Move humerus away from trunk in frontal/scapular plane",
      "anatomical_region": "shoulder",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "nih_deltoid",
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Abduction de l’épaule",
      "joint_complex": "glenohumeral_joint",
      "joint_or_complex": "glenohumeral_joint",
      "principal_plane": "frontal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "deltoid_middle",
        "supraspinatus"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "shoulder_adduction",
      "definition": "Move humerus toward trunk",
      "anatomical_region": "shoulder",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "nih_pectoralis",
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Adduction de l’épaule",
      "joint_complex": "glenohumeral_joint",
      "joint_or_complex": "glenohumeral_joint",
      "principal_plane": "frontal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "latissimus_dorsi",
        "pectoralis_major",
        "pectoralis_major_sternocostal",
        "teres_major"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "shoulder_extension",
      "definition": "Move humerus posteriorly or return from flexion",
      "anatomical_region": "shoulder",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "nih_deltoid",
        "nih_pectoralis",
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Extension de l’épaule",
      "joint_complex": "glenohumeral_joint",
      "joint_or_complex": "glenohumeral_joint",
      "principal_plane": "sagittal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "deltoid_posterior",
        "latissimus_dorsi",
        "pectoralis_major_sternocostal",
        "teres_major"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "shoulder_external_rotation",
      "definition": "Rotate humerus outward about long axis",
      "anatomical_region": "shoulder",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "nih_deltoid",
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Rotation externe de l’épaule",
      "joint_complex": "glenohumeral_joint",
      "joint_or_complex": "glenohumeral_joint",
      "principal_plane": "transverse",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "deltoid_posterior",
        "infraspinatus",
        "teres_minor"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "shoulder_flexion",
      "definition": "Move humerus anteriorly/elevate forward relative to trunk",
      "anatomical_region": "shoulder",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "nih_deltoid",
        "nih_pectoralis",
        "openstax_actions"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Flexion de l’épaule",
      "joint_complex": "glenohumeral_joint",
      "joint_or_complex": "glenohumeral_joint",
      "principal_plane": "sagittal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "deltoid_anterior",
        "pectoralis_major_clavicular"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "shoulder_horizontal_abduction",
      "definition": "Move elevated humerus backward in transverse plane",
      "anatomical_region": "shoulder",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "nih_deltoid",
        "openstax_actions"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Abduction horizontale de l’épaule",
      "joint_complex": "glenohumeral_joint",
      "joint_or_complex": "glenohumeral_joint",
      "principal_plane": "transverse",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "deltoid_posterior"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "shoulder_horizontal_adduction",
      "definition": "Bring elevated humerus across anterior trunk",
      "anatomical_region": "shoulder",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "nih_deltoid",
        "nih_pectoralis",
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Adduction horizontale de l’épaule",
      "joint_complex": "glenohumeral_joint",
      "joint_or_complex": "glenohumeral_joint",
      "principal_plane": "transverse",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "deltoid_anterior",
        "pectoralis_major",
        "pectoralis_major_clavicular",
        "pectoralis_major_sternocostal"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "shoulder_internal_rotation",
      "definition": "Rotate humerus inward about long axis",
      "anatomical_region": "shoulder",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "nih_deltoid",
        "nih_pectoralis",
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Rotation interne de l’épaule",
      "joint_complex": "glenohumeral_joint",
      "joint_or_complex": "glenohumeral_joint",
      "principal_plane": "transverse",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "deltoid_anterior",
        "latissimus_dorsi",
        "pectoralis_major",
        "subscapularis",
        "teres_major"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "trunk_extension",
      "definition": "Extend vertebral column; not synonymous with hip extension",
      "anatomical_region": "trunk",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_back"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Extension du tronc",
      "joint_complex": "intervertebral_column_complex",
      "joint_or_complex": "intervertebral_column_complex",
      "principal_plane": "sagittal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "erector_spinae",
        "multifidus"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "trunk_flexion",
      "definition": "Flex vertebral column; not synonymous with hip flexion",
      "anatomical_region": "trunk",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "nih_abdominal_wall",
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_trunk"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Flexion du tronc",
      "joint_complex": "intervertebral_column_complex",
      "joint_or_complex": "intervertebral_column_complex",
      "principal_plane": "sagittal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "external_oblique",
        "internal_oblique",
        "rectus_abdominis"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "trunk_lateral_flexion",
      "definition": "Bend vertebral column sideways",
      "anatomical_region": "trunk",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "nih_abdominal_wall",
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_back",
        "openstax_trunk"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Inclinaison latérale du tronc",
      "joint_complex": "intervertebral_column_complex",
      "joint_or_complex": "intervertebral_column_complex",
      "principal_plane": "frontal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "erector_spinae",
        "external_oblique",
        "internal_oblique",
        "quadratus_lumborum"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "trunk_rotation",
      "definition": "Rotate thorax and pelvis relative to each other",
      "anatomical_region": "trunk",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "nih_abdominal_wall",
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_back",
        "openstax_trunk"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Rotation du tronc",
      "joint_complex": "intervertebral_column_complex",
      "joint_or_complex": "intervertebral_column_complex",
      "principal_plane": "transverse",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "external_oblique",
        "internal_oblique",
        "multifidus"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "wrist_extension",
      "definition": "Bend dorsum of hand toward posterior forearm",
      "anatomical_region": "wrist",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Extension du poignet",
      "joint_complex": "radiocarpal_midcarpal_complex",
      "joint_or_complex": "radiocarpal_midcarpal_complex",
      "principal_plane": "sagittal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "forearm_extensors"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    },
    {
      "action_id": "wrist_flexion",
      "definition": "Bend palm toward anterior forearm",
      "anatomical_region": "wrist",
      "evidence_type": "established_anatomy",
      "confidence": "high",
      "source_refs": [
        "openstax_actions",
        "openstax_upper"
      ],
      "notes": "Opposite motion in a loaded return may be controlled eccentrically by the same agonists.",
      "display_name_fr": "Flexion du poignet",
      "joint_complex": "radiocarpal_midcarpal_complex",
      "joint_or_complex": "radiocarpal_midcarpal_complex",
      "principal_plane": "sagittal",
      "plane_notes": "Nominal anatomical plane; actual exercise can combine planes. Scapular kinematics are three-dimensional.",
      "contributing_muscle_ids": [
        "forearm_flexors"
      ],
      "contributor_semantics": "Non-exhaustive anatomical capability list; not a primary-role list or inverse EMG ranking. Aggregate/member overlap retained explicitly."
    }
  ]
}