407 lines
19 KiB
JSON
407 lines
19 KiB
JSON
{
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"format": "trainlog-science-references-v1",
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"version": 1,
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"references": [
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{
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"ref_id": "acsm_2009",
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"title": "American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults.",
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"year": 2009,
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"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19204579/",
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"doi": "10.1249/mss.0b013e3181915670",
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"pmid": "19204579",
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"topics": [
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"progression",
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"specificity",
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"programming"
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],
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"notes": "Progressive overload and specificity organize resistance-training progression; adjustment should follow achieved performance and goals.",
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"limitations": "Historical professional position stand; contemporary synthesis above takes precedence for comparative outcomes. No numeric recommendations adopted.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "American College of Sports Medicine.",
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"type": "practical_inference"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "currier_2023",
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"title": "Resistance training prescription for muscle strength and hypertrophy in healthy adults: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.",
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"year": 2023,
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"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37414459/",
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"doi": "10.1136/bjsports-2023-106807",
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"pmid": "37414459",
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"topics": [
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"programming",
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"load",
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"sets",
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"frequency"
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],
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"notes": "Across reviewed adult trials, resistance training improved strength and hypertrophy; heavier loads ranked better for strength, and multiple sets characterized higher-ranked hypertrophy programs.",
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"limitations": "Network rankings are not individual prescriptions or proof of one universally optimal combination.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "Currier BS, Mcleod JC, Banfield L, Beyene J, Welton NJ, D'Souza AC, Keogh JAJ, Lin L, Coletta G, Yang A, Colenso-Semple L, Lau KJ, Verboom A, Phillips SM.",
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"type": "intervention_evidence"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "franke_2015",
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"title": "Analysis of anterior, middle and posterior deltoid activation during single and multijoint exercises.",
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"year": 2015,
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"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24947920/",
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"doi": null,
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"pmid": "24947920",
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"topics": [
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"rear_delt",
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"rows"
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],
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"notes": "Reverse pec-deck elicited greater posterior-deltoid surface EMG than the studied row/pulldown tasks.",
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"limitations": "Twelve trained men; selected exercises/techniques only; no longitudinal hypertrophy comparison; no DOI reported in indexed record.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"publication_note": "Print 2015; online indexed June 2014.",
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"authors_or_organization": "Franke Rde A, Botton CE, Rodrigues R, Pinto RS, Lima CS.",
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"type": "emg_evidence"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "grgic_2022",
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"title": "Effects of resistance training performed to repetition failure or non-failure on muscular strength and hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.",
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"year": 2022,
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"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33497853/",
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"doi": "10.1016/j.jshs.2021.01.007",
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"pmid": "33497853",
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"topics": [
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"failure",
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"strength",
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"hypertrophy"
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],
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"notes": "Failure was not generally necessary for strength or hypertrophy gains in included comparisons.",
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"limitations": "Nonfailure effort and volume differ between studies; this does not imply arbitrary easy sets equal hard sets.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Orazem J, Sabol F.",
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"type": "intervention_evidence"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "kassiano_2022",
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"title": "Does Varying Resistance Exercises Promote Superior Muscle Hypertrophy and Strength Gains? A Systematic Review.",
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"year": 2022,
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"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35438660/",
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"doi": "10.1519/jsc.0000000000004258",
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"pmid": "35438660",
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"topics": [
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"selection",
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"variation"
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],
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"notes": "Systematic exercise variation may distribute regional stimulus and support task-specific strength; excessive random variation lacks support.",
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"limitations": "Eight studies, all young men; limited generalizability and no universal rotation schedule.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "Kassiano W, Nunes JP, Costa B, Ribeiro AS, Schoenfeld BJ, Cyrino ES.",
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"type": "intervention_evidence"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "lee_2015",
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"title": "Enhanced muscle activity during lumbar extension exercise with pelvic stabilization.",
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"year": 2015,
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"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26730390/",
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"doi": "10.12965/jer.150249",
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"pmid": "26730390",
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"topics": [
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"back_extension",
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"pelvic_stabilization"
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],
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"notes": "Pelvic stabilization altered lumbar-extensor excitation during extension testing.",
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"limitations": "Acute small study; equipment restraint and execution matter; no claim of clinical benefit or universal isolation.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "Lee HS.",
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"type": "emg_evidence"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "lehman_2004",
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"title": "Variations in muscle activation levels during traditional latissimus dorsi weight training exercises: An experimental study.",
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"year": 2004,
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"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15228624/",
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"doi": "10.1186/1476-5918-3-4",
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"pmid": "15228624",
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"topics": [
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"lat_pulldown",
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"seated_row"
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],
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"notes": "Measured latissimus, elbow-flexor and scapular-muscle activity differed across studied pulldown/row tasks.",
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"limitations": "Isometric portions and surface recordings; no mapping of all divergent machine trajectories or outcome superiority.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "Lehman GJ, Buchan DD, Lundy A, Myers N, Nalborczyk A.",
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"type": "emg_evidence"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "life_fitness_catalog_2024",
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"title": "Life Fitness commercial product catalogue 2024",
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"year": 2024,
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"url": "https://www.lifefitness.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Life-Fitness-Catalogue_2024_web.pdf",
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"doi": null,
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"pmid": null,
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"topics": [
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"multifunction",
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"equipment_identity"
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],
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"notes": "Catalogue lists distinct Pectoral Fly/Rear Deltoid and Assist Dip Chin combination products.",
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"limitations": "EXAMPLE ONLY: establishes available equipment concepts, not manufacturer/model identification in the observed gym or anatomical efficacy.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "Life Fitness",
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"type": "manufacturer_statement"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "maeo_2021",
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"title": "Greater Hamstrings Muscle Hypertrophy but Similar Damage Protection after Training at Long versus Short Muscle Lengths.",
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"year": 2021,
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"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33009197/",
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"doi": "10.1249/mss.0000000000002523",
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"pmid": "33009197",
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"topics": [
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"hamstrings",
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"seated_leg_curl",
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"prone_leg_curl"
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],
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"notes": "Within-person training found greater biarticular hamstring growth with seated than prone curls; both variants trained knee flexion.",
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"limitations": "One protocol/population; not a guarantee for every machine, person, muscle region or strength task.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "Maeo S, Huang M, Wu Y, Sakurai H, Kusagawa Y, Sugiyama T, Kanehisa H, Isaka T.",
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"type": "intervention_evidence"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "martin_fuentes_2020",
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"title": "Evaluation of the Lower Limb Muscles' Electromyographic Activity during the Leg Press Exercise and Its Variants: A Systematic Review.",
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"year": 2020,
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"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32605065/",
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"doi": "10.3390/ijerph17134626",
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"pmid": "32605065",
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"topics": [
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"leg_press"
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],
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"notes": "Leg-press studies report substantial quadriceps excitation; variant findings are inconsistent.",
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"limitations": "EMG review does not establish universal foot-position targeting, force shares or hypertrophy ranking.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "Martín-Fuentes I, Oliva-Lozano JM, Muyor JM.",
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"type": "emg_evidence"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "nih_abdominal_wall",
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"title": "Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Anterolateral Abdominal Wall",
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"year": 2023,
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"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525975/",
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"doi": null,
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"pmid": null,
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"topics": [
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"core",
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"trunk"
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],
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"notes": "Rectus abdominis, internal/external obliques and transversus have movement, abdominal-wall tension and stabilization roles.",
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"limitations": "Functional anatomy only; clinical sections are outside this handoff scope.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "Kevin Seeras; Ryan N. Qasawa; Ricky Ju; Shivana Prakash",
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"type": "established_anatomy"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "nih_deltoid",
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"title": "Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Deltoid Muscle",
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"year": 2024,
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"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537056/",
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"doi": null,
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"pmid": null,
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"topics": [
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"deltoids",
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"shoulder"
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],
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"notes": "Anterior, middle and posterior portions have distinct lines of action; relative contribution depends on arm position.",
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"limitations": "Functional anatomy only; clinical sections are outside this handoff scope.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "Adel Elzanie; Matthew A. Varacallo",
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"type": "established_anatomy"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "nih_gluteus_minimus",
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"title": "Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Gluteus Minimus Muscle",
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"year": 2023,
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"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556144/",
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"doi": null,
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"pmid": null,
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"topics": [
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"hip_abduction",
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"glutes",
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"gait"
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],
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"notes": "Minimus abducts and stabilizes the hip; anterior fibers support internal rotation. Prevents erroneous adduction classification from textbook alternative text.",
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"limitations": "Functional anatomy only; clinical sections are outside this handoff scope.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "Anthony J. Greco; Renato C. Vilella",
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"type": "established_anatomy"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "nih_pectoralis",
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"title": "Anatomy, Thorax, Pectoralis Major Major",
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"year": 2023,
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"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525991/",
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"doi": null,
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"pmid": null,
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"topics": [
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"chest",
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"shoulder"
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],
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"notes": "Clavicular and sternocostal parts share shoulder adduction/internal rotation; clavicular fibers support flexion, sternocostal fibers extension from flexion. Regional anatomy does not prove isolated regional training.",
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"limitations": "Functional anatomy only; clinical sections are outside this handoff scope.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "Francesca Solari; Bracken Burns",
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"type": "established_anatomy"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "openstax_actions",
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"title": "Anatomy and Physiology 2e: Types of Body Movements",
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"year": 2022,
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"url": "https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/9-5-types-of-body-movements",
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"doi": null,
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"pmid": null,
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"topics": [
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"joint_actions"
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],
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"notes": "Terminology of joint movements. Pattern labels in Trainlog remain authored programming abstractions.",
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"limitations": "Textbook synthesis; not a machine-specific force or adaptation study.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "J. Gordon Betts; Kelly A. Young; James A. Wise; Eddie Johnson; Brandon Poe; Dean H. Kruse; Oksana Korol; Jody E. Johnson; Mark Womble; Peter DeSaix",
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"type": "established_anatomy"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "openstax_back",
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"title": "Anatomy and Physiology 2e: Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back",
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"year": 2022,
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"url": "https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-3-axial-muscles-of-the-head-neck-and-back",
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"doi": null,
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"pmid": null,
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"topics": [
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"spinal_extensors",
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"multifidus"
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],
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"notes": "Vertebral-column muscle functions including erector spinae and deep posterior muscles.",
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"limitations": "Textbook synthesis; not a machine-specific force or adaptation study.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "J. Gordon Betts; Kelly A. Young; James A. Wise; Eddie Johnson; Brandon Poe; Dean H. Kruse; Oksana Korol; Jody E. Johnson; Mark Womble; Peter DeSaix",
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"type": "established_anatomy"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "openstax_lower",
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"title": "Anatomy and Physiology 2e: Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs",
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"year": 2022,
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"url": "https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-6-appendicular-muscles-of-the-pelvic-girdle-and-lower-limbs",
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"doi": null,
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"pmid": null,
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"topics": [
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"hip",
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"knee",
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"ankle"
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],
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"notes": "Functional lower-limb anatomy. Figure alternative text contains direction inconsistencies for minimus/pectineus/gracilis; use action definitions and NIH corroboration, not those phrases.",
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"limitations": "Textbook synthesis; not a machine-specific force or adaptation study.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "J. Gordon Betts; Kelly A. Young; James A. Wise; Eddie Johnson; Brandon Poe; Dean H. Kruse; Oksana Korol; Jody E. Johnson; Mark Womble; Peter DeSaix",
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"type": "established_anatomy"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "openstax_trunk",
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"title": "Anatomy and Physiology 2e: Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall and Thorax",
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"year": 2022,
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"url": "https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-4-axial-muscles-of-the-abdominal-wall-and-thorax",
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"doi": null,
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"pmid": null,
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"topics": [
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"trunk",
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"abdominals",
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"spinal_extensors"
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],
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"notes": "Trunk movement, abdominal compression and postural roles.",
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"limitations": "Textbook synthesis; not a machine-specific force or adaptation study.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "J. Gordon Betts; Kelly A. Young; James A. Wise; Eddie Johnson; Brandon Poe; Dean H. Kruse; Oksana Korol; Jody E. Johnson; Mark Womble; Peter DeSaix",
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"type": "established_anatomy"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "openstax_upper",
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"title": "Anatomy and Physiology 2e: Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs",
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"year": 2022,
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"url": "https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-5-muscles-of-the-pectoral-girdle-and-upper-limbs",
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"doi": null,
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"pmid": null,
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"topics": [
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"shoulder",
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"scapula",
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"elbow",
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"forearm"
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],
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"notes": "Functional anatomy of upper-limb and scapular muscles; no exercise outcome ranking.",
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"limitations": "Textbook synthesis; not a machine-specific force or adaptation study.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "J. Gordon Betts; Kelly A. Young; James A. Wise; Eddie Johnson; Brandon Poe; Dean H. Kruse; Oksana Korol; Jody E. Johnson; Mark Womble; Peter DeSaix",
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"type": "established_anatomy"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "precor_pulley_example",
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"title": "Resolute Dual Adjustable Pulley RUD0915",
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"year": null,
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"url": "https://www.precor.com/en-US/products/RUD0915",
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"doi": null,
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"pmid": null,
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"topics": [
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"cable",
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"load_context"
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],
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"notes": "Manufacturer documents a 4:1 cable ratio on this particular example, demonstrating why stack labels and handle resistance differ.",
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"limitations": "EXAMPLE ONLY: not evidence that the user owns Precor or this model; local pulley ratios remain unresolved.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "Precor",
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"type": "manufacturer_statement"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "refalo_2023",
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"title": "Influence of Resistance Training Proximity-to-Failure on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.",
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"year": 2023,
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"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36334240/",
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"doi": "10.1007/s40279-022-01784-y",
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"pmid": "36334240",
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"topics": [
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"proximity_to_failure"
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],
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"notes": "Failure definitions matter; available categorical comparisons do not establish a simple more-failure-is-better hypertrophy rule.",
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"limitations": "Literature search predates newer trials; uncertainty in actual repetitions in reserve prevents exact universal thresholds.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "Refalo MC, Helms ER, Trexler ET, Hamilton DL, Fyfe JJ.",
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"type": "intervention_evidence"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "vieira_2022",
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"title": "Effects of Resistance Training to Muscle Failure on Acute Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.",
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"year": 2022,
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"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34881412/",
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"doi": "10.1007/s40279-021-01602-x",
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"pmid": "34881412",
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"topics": [
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"fatigue",
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"recovery",
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"failure"
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],
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"notes": "Failure training generated greater acute fatigue than nonfailure conditions in the reviewed experiments.",
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"limitations": "Acute markers do not establish a universal recovery duration or predict individual long-term adaptation.",
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"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
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"authors_or_organization": "Vieira JG, Sardeli AV, Dias MR, Filho JE, Campos Y, Sant'Ana L, Leitão L, Reis V, Wilk M, Novaes J, Vianna J.",
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"type": "intervention_evidence"
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},
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{
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"ref_id": "vigotsky_2018",
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"title": "Interpreting Signal Amplitudes in Surface Electromyography Studies in Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences.",
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"year": 2017,
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"url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29354060/",
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"doi": "10.3389/fphys.2017.00985",
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"pmid": "29354060",
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"topics": [
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"measurement",
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"emg"
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],
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"notes": "Surface EMG amplitude reflects a recording-dependent excitation signal and cannot directly rank hypertrophy, force or training effectiveness.",
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"limitations": "Methodological review; anatomical inference and longitudinal outcomes require separate evidence.",
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|
"accessed_on": "2026-09-09",
|
|
"publication_note": "Volume/index year 2017; online publication January 4, 2018.",
|
|
"authors_or_organization": "Vigotsky AD, Halperin I, Lehman GJ, Trajano GS, Vieira TM.",
|
|
"type": "emg_evidence"
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
}
|